Computer Programmer
Computer programmers write, test, and develop programs that operate computers. Programmers also design and develop programs that solve problems. Working with other computer specialists, they develop instructions that make computers perform specific tasks. New technologies and computer languages have redefined the programmer’s role.
Computer software engineers and system analysts specify the programs computer programmers develop. Engineers and system analysts design software and programmers convert engineer designs into programs that operate computers. Programmers code programs into a computer language such as COBOL, Prolong, an artificial intelligence language, or an advanced object oriented language such as Java, C++, or ACTOR.
Programming languages are determined by the program’s purpose. Programmers usually understand more than one language and since languages are very similar, many programmers can learn new languages quickly. Programmers are often classified by their language or program specialty, for example, JAVA or mainframe programmers.
Programmers modify, repair, and update current programs. Programmers working on large projects often use computer assisted software engineering (CASE) tools, to automate the coding process. CASE tools allow programmers to focus on writing a program’s unique parts. Programmers working on smaller projects usually use programmer environments, programs increasing productivity by combining debugging functions, test data generation, code generation, code walk through, and compiling. They also utilize basic code libraries that can be modified for a specific purpose. Programmers can increase their productivity using basic code libraries since they can eliminate routine steps.
Program types depend on the information that will be generated or accessed. Programs that update financial records are different than instructions that simulate pilot training programs. Programmers can write simple programs in a few hours, but some programs require complicated mathematics which can take a year to write. When writing these types of programs, senior programmers usually supervise a team of programmers.
New programs are tested by being run through a computer to determine whether instructions are performing the correct operations. Programmers must watch for errors, and if errors are discovered, they must take corrective action, following a process known as testing and debugging. Programmers can continue to debug the program for as long as a program is in use.
Programmers specializing in mainframes, large centralized computers, prepare instructions for computer operators supervising the program. Programmers many also contribute to a program instruction manual.
Programmers working for software development companies may collaborate with experts to develop specialized software developed for specific clients or for use by anyone, known as packaged software, such as games and desktop publishing software. Packaged software programs are one of the most popular products in the computer services industry.
Advanced software platforms are creating fewer differences between computer programmers and users. Spreadsheet, accounting, and enterprise resource planning applications have increased the need for individuals with user-base experience. These specialists develop programs that serve the needs of this base. Computer programmers develop the software platform and then troubleshoot the program until it is complete.
Computer programmers are separated into two groups: applications and systems programmers. Applications programmers write programs that perform specific tasks, such as track a company’s inventory, and they reprogram generic software. Systems programmers write computer programs that operate networked systems, databases, and operating systems, as well as re-write instructions that operate a system’s network or central processing unit, or transmit information to terminals or printers. Since programmers have extensive knowledge about computer systems, they often work with applications programmers to diagnose the source of a program’s problem.
Some firms hire Programmer analysts who supervise systems analysis and programming.
Work environment. Programmers spend most of their time in offices with computer terminals. They also spend more time telecommuting since new technology allows them to work from remote locations.
Computer programmers usually work 40 hour weeks, and they often work weekends and evenings to resolve technical issues. 4 percent of programmers work part time compared to 15 percent of workers from other industries.
Since programmers spend all day in front of computers, they can experience back pain, eyestrain, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
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